1. Soil Plowing and Tilling (Primary Land Preparation)

• Function：Turn over soil layers (20–30 cm depth) using moldboard plows or disc plows to break up compacted earth, bury crop residues, and improve soil aeration.
• Efficiency：A 100-horsepower tractor with a 3-furrow plow can till 3–5 acres per hour under optimal moisture (15–20% soil water content).

2. Seeding and Fertilizing Integration

• Equipment：Seed drills (row/cavity seeding) paired with fertilizer spreaders.
• Application：Plant crops like wheat or corn while depositing base fertilizer 8–10 cm deep (maintaining 5 cm distance from seeds to prevent burning).
• Precision：Seeding error ≤ 3%, fertilizer distribution deviation ≤ 5% (row spacing adjustable from 15–30 cm for different crops).

3. Rotary Cultivation (Fine Soil Preparation)

• Tool：Rotary tiller (rotating blades).
• Purpose：Break soil into fine particles (10–15 cm depth) for vegetable beds or greenhouse plots, creating a smooth, weed-free surface.
• Output：A 130-horsepower tractor with a 2.5-meter tiller can process 80–100 acres per day.

4. Pest Control and Spraying

• Equipment：Boom sprayers or mounted spray tanks.
• Specs：Spray width 10–15 meters, droplet size 100–300 microns, 10–15 liters of solution per acre.
• Operation：Tractor speed controlled at 5–8 km/h to ensure even coverage, with anti-drip valves for safety.

5. Mulching and Plastic Film Laying

• Tool：Film mulchers for cash crops like cotton or tobacco.
• Function：Simultaneously ridge soil, lay plastic mulch (80–120 cm width), and anchor edges, boosting soil temperature and moisture retention.
• Productivity：20–30 acres per day, 10x faster than manual labor.

6. Root Crop Harvesting

• Attachments：Potato diggers or peanut lifters.
• Process：Extract tubers from 20–30 cm depth, shaking off 95% of soil with ≤ 3% damage rate.
• Capacity：80-horsepower tractor with a 2-meter harvester can harvest 4–6 acres per hour.

7. Grain Crop Combining (with Retrofit)

• Adaptation：Tractor-mounted header or trailed combine for small-scale wheat/rice harvests.
• Performance：Cutting width 2–3 meters, threshing and cleaning in one pass, grain loss ≤ 1.5% (less efficient than dedicated combines but suitable for small fields).

8. Mid-Cultivation and Hilling

• Tools：Cultivators and hillers for row crops like corn or potatoes.
• Role：Loosen soil (5–10 cm depth) to remove weeds, and build 15–20 cm ridges for potato plants to prevent tuber exposure.
• Timing：2–3 passes from seedling to flowering stages.

9. Agricultural Material Transportation

• Configuration：Trailers (2–5 tons payload) or dump beds.
• Applications：Haul fertilizers, seeds, or harvested crops; tracked tractors (ground pressure ≤ 0.2 MPa) suit mountainous terrains.
• Safety：Max speed 20 km/h on unpaved roads, turning radius ≥ 5 meters.

10. Stationary Power Supply

• Function：Drive external equipment via PTO (Power Take-Off) shaft:
  • Water pumps (50–100 m³/h flow for irrigation)
  • Threshers (1–2 tons/hour grain processing)
  • Feed grinders (requires 540/1000 rpm PTO speed matching).

Advanced Applications in Smart Agriculture

• GPS-Aided Precision：Autonomous tractors with ±2.5 cm positioning for variable rate seeding/fertilizing based on soil maps.
• Robotic Operations：Driverless tractors enable 24/7 spraying or tilling in large farms (e.g., 200+ acres daily in US plains).

Operational Tips

• Horsepower Selection：40–60 hp for paddy fields, 80–120 hp for dryland farms.
• Attachments Matching：Ensure PTO speed and implement width align with tractor capacity (e.g., 2.5-meter tiller for 100 hp tractors).